CIGRE Technical Brochures, Journal & Symposium
Summaries of Technical Brochures, Colloquium, Journal Articles and Select Papers are available in the Password protected tabs. Hyperlinks to e-cigre, IEEE, University sites etc. (hover over title)
CIGRE TB 048: Tower top geometry
CIGRE TB 081: Foundation testing
CIGRE TB 109: Review of IEC 826: Loading and strength of overhead lines
CIGRE TB 110: Comparison of high voltage overhead lines and underground cables. Report and guidelines
CIGRE TB 141: Refurbishment and upgrading of foundations
CIGRE TB 147: High voltage overhead lines. Environmental concerns, procedures, impacts and mitigations
CIGRE TB 174: Load control devices on overhead transmission lines
CIGRE TB 175: Management of existing overhead transmission lines
CIGRE TB 178: Probabilistic design of overhead transmission lines
CIGRE TB 179: Guidelines for field measurement of ice loadings on overhead power lines conductors
CIGRE TB 184: Composite insulator handling guide
CIGRE TB 196: Diaphragms for lattice steel supports
CIGRE TB 206: The design of transmission line support foundations - an overview
CIGRE TB 207: Thermal behaviour of overhead conductors
CIGRE TB 211: General overview on experience feedback methods in the field of electrical equipment
CIGRE TB 216: Joints on transmission line conductors: field testing and replacement criteria
CIGRE TB 230: Assessment of existing overhead line supports
CIGRE TB 244: Conductors for the uprating of overhead lines
CIGRE TB 251: The mechanical behaviour of conductors and fittings
CIGRE TB 256: Current practices regarding frequencies and magnitude of high intensity winds
CIGRE TB 265: Life cycle assessment of overhead lines
CIGRE TB 273: Overhead conductor safe design tension with respect to aeolian vibrations
CIGRE TB 274: Consultation models for overhead line projects
CIGRE TB 277: State of the art survey on spacers and dampers
CIGRE TB 278: The influence of line configuration on environmental impacts of electrical origin
CIGRE TB 281: Design and installation of micropiles and ground anchors for OHL support foundations
CIGRE TB 284: Use of corona rings to control the electrical field along transmission line composite insulators
CIGRE TB 289: Reliability based design methods for overhead lines, advantages, applications and comparisons
CIGRE TB 291: Guidelines for meteorological icing models, statistical methods and topographical effects
CIGRE TB 294: How overhead lines are redesigned for uprating/ upgrading: analysis of the replies to the questionnaire
CIGRE TB 299: Guide for selection of weather parameters for bare overhead conductor ratings
CIGRE TB 306: Guide for the assessment of old cap and pin long rod transmission line insulators made of porcelain or glass: what to and when to replace
CIGRE TB 308: Foundation installation - an overview
CIGRE TB 324: Sag-Tension calculation methods for overhead lines
CIGRE TB 332: Fatigue endurance capability of conductor/ clamp systems: update of present knowledge
CIGRE TB 333: Guide for the establishment of naturally polluted insulator testing stations
CIGRE TB 344: Big storm events: what we have learned
CIGRE TB 345: Alternating current (AC) resistance of helically stranded conductors
CIGRE TB 348: Tower top geometry and mid span clearances
CIGRE TB 350: How overhead lines (OHL) respond to localised high intensity winds: basic understanding
CIGRE TB 353: Guidelines for increased utilisation of existing overhead transmission lines
CIGRE TB 363: Reliability based calibration of foundation strength factor using full scale test data: a guide for design engineers
CIGRE TB 365: On the use of power arc protection devices for composite insulators on transmission lines
CIGRE TB 369: New developments in the use of geographical information as applied to overhead power lines
CIGRE TB 384: Comparison of general industry practices for lattice tower design and detailing
CIGRE TB 385: Management of risks due to load-flow increases in transmission OHL
CIGRE TB 387: Influence of the hyperstatic modelling on the behaviour of transmission line lattice structures
CIGRE TB 388: Impacts of HVDC lines on the economics of HVDC projects
CIGRE TB 395: Investigation on the structural interaction between transmission line towers and foundations
CIGRE TB 396: Large overhead lines (OVHL) crossings
CIGRE TB 399: Improvement on the tower testing methodology
CIGRE TB 402: High impedance faults
CIGRE TB 410: Local wind speed up on overhead lines for specific terrain features
CIGRE TB 416: Innovative solutions for overhead line supports
CIGRE TB 416: Annex
CIGRE TB 425: Increasing capacity of overhead transmission lines: needs and solutions
CIGRE TB 426: Guide for qualifying high temperature conductors for use on overhead transmission lines
CIGRE TB: 428: The effect of fabrication and erection tolerances on the strength of lattice towers
CIGRE TB 429: Engineering guidelines relating to fatigue endurance capability of conductor/ clamp systems
CIGRE TB 438: Systems for prediction and monitoring of ice shedding, anti-icing and de-icing for overhead power line conductors and ground wires
CIGRE TB 471: Working safely while supported on aged conductors
CIGRE TB 473: Electric field and ion current environment of HVDC overhead transmission lines
CIGRE TB 477: Evaluation of aged fittings
CIGRE TB 481: Guide for the assessment of composite insulators in the laboratory after their removal from service
CIGRE TB 482: State of the art for testing self damping characteristics of conductors for overhead lines
CIGRE TB 485: Overhead line design guidelines for mitigation of severe wind storm damage
CIGRE TB 498: Guide for application of direct real time monitoring systems
CIGRE TB 515: Mechanical security of overhead lines containing cascading failures and mitigating their effects
CIGRE TB 516: Geotechnical aspects of overhead transmission line routing - an overview
CIGRE TB 545: Assessment of in-service composite insulators by using diagnostic tools
CIGRE TB 561: Live work a management perspective
CIGRE TB 583: Guide to the conversion of existing AC lines to DC operation
CIGRE TB 598: Guidelines for the management of risk associated with severe climatic change on overhead lines
CIGRE TB 601: Guide for thermal rating calculations of overhead lines
CIGRE TB 631: Coatings for protecting overhead power network equipment in winter conditions.
CIGRE TB 635: Microgrids 1 engineering, economics and experience
CIGRE TB 638: Guide to overall line design
CIGRE TB 643: Guide to operation of conventional conductor systems above 100C
CIGRE TB 645: Meteorological data for assessing climatic loads on overhead lines.
CIGRE TB 653: Safe design tensions for single conductors fitted with elastomer cushioned suspension units
CIGRE TB 679: Environmental impact of dispersed generation
CIGRE TB 694: Ground potential rise at overhead AC transmission structures during power frequency faults
CIGRE TB 695: Experience with the mechanical performance of non-conventional conductors
CIGRE TB 708: Guide on repair of conductors and conductor fitting systems
CIGRE TB 731: The use of robotics in assessment and maintenance of overhead lines
CIGRE TB 744: Management guidelines for balancing in-house and outsourced overhead transmission line technical expertise
CIGRE TB 746: Design, deployment and maintenance of optical cables associated to overhead HV transmission lines
CIGRE TB 748: Environmental issues of high voltage transmission lines in urban and rural areas
CIGRE TB 763: Conductors for the uprating of existing overhead lines, physical modification, reconductoring with conventional and high temperature conductors
CIGRE TB 767: Vegetation fire characteristics and the potential impacts on overhead line performance
CIGRE TB 788: Dynamic loading effects on overhead liens – impact of foundations
CIGRE TB 809: Dynamic loading effects on overhead lines – impact of structures
CIGRE TB 818: Transmission line structures with fibre reinforced (FRP) composite.
CIGRE TB 828: Vibration modelling of high temperature low sag conductors and self-damping characterization
CIGRE TB 831: Compact DC overhead lines
CIGRE TB 837: Coating for improvement of electrical performance of outdoor insulators under pollution conditions
CIGRE TB 838: Coatings for protecting overhead power networks against icing, corona noise, corrosion and reducing their visual impact.
CIGRE TB 865: Inspection and testing of tools, equipment and training for live line work on overhead lines
CIGRE TB 897: Carbon pricing in wholesale electricity markets
CIGRE TB 905: Sustainability of overhead line conductors and fittings – conductor condition assessment and life extension Volume 1: state of the art
CIGRE TB 910: Business requirements for asset performance management
CIGRE TB 916: Correct handling of fittings and conductors for overhead lines
CIGRE TB 919: Experience with and application guide for composite line insulators
CIGRE TB 923: Optimal transmission and distribution investment decisions under increasing energy scenario uncertainty
CIGRE Technical article: CSE 22: Critical review on biological growth on composite insulators
CIGRE Technical article: CSE 22: Estimation of cumulative loss of strength of fittings for high temperature low sag
CIGRE Technical article: CSE 22: Estimation of wet conductor audible corona noise from I type suspension insulator
CIGRE Technical article: CSE 22: Semi-autonomous cost-effective erection method
CIGRE Technical article: CSE 24: Comparison of electrical clearances Japan and other countries
CIGRE Technical article: CSE 25: Pattern recognition-based protection schemes
CIGRE Technical article: CSE 27: Application of SF6 alternatives
CIGRE Technical article: CSE 27: Latest design standard on structures for OHL Japan
CIGRE Technical article: CSE 28: Condition assessment of line composite insulators: after service test programs and their practical application
CIGRE CSE paper 2018 page 45: Comparative study of the long-term reliability of HTLS conductor systems
CIGRE Electra 024: A practical method of conductor creep determination
CIGRE Electra 120 article: Retrospective view at the efforts made to solve the problem of aeolian conductor vibrations on overhead transmission lines
CIGRE Electra 144 article: Ampacity rating calculation detailed
CIGRE Electra 176 article: Guide to fittings for optical cables on transmission lines – part 1 Selection and use
CIGRE Electra 307 article: Reference paper: Overhead transmission lines, gas insulated lines and underground cables
CIGRE paper 22-08 1974: Vibration in multiple conductor bundles
CIGRE paper 22-102 1990: Predicting galloping fatigue cycles in quad bundles.
CIGRE paper 22-14 1976: The possibilities and advantages offered by A-GS/L aluminium alloy in the construction of overhead lines (6201 history)
CIGRE paper 22-202 1990: Two years vibration measurements and their evaluation for an optical ground wire (OPGW) installed on a 400kV transmission line.
CIGRE paper 22-204 1990: Mechanical fatigue of components of overhead lines with special attention to composite insulators
CIGRE paper 22-302 1992: Investigation on the ageing of old ACSR cables in transmission lines: microstructural evolution and loss of strength
CIGRE paper B2-105 2016: Operational aspects of dynamic line rating. Application to a real case of grid integration of wind farms
CIGRE paper B1-212 2016: Life Cycle Assessment of a 380kV double circuit HVAC cable transmission line
CIGRE paper B2-105 2018: Quantifying the risk in dynamic thermal line rating
CIGRE paper B2-212 2018: Estimation of tensile force in conductor by vibration and strain measurement in pillar's legs of transmission line
CIGRE paper B2-10138 2022: Wildlife detection system using AI with the collaboration of the web society
CIGRE paper B2-103 2020: Development of sensors for real time monitoring of ice loads on overhead lines
CIGRE paper B2-118 2020: Limits of vibration amplitude measurement based conductor fatigue design
CIGRE paper B2-224 2020: case of dynamic line rating for overhead transmission in context of tropical countries like India
CIGRE paper B2-10361 2022: Experience use of bird protection devices on power lines and environmental impacts
CIGRE paper B2-105 2016: Operational aspects of dynamic line rating. Application to a real case grid integration of wind farms
CIGRE paper B2-105 2018: Quantifying the risk in dynamic thermal line rating.
CIGRE paper B2-10302 2022: A novel method for pollution detection of external insulation
CIGRE paper B2-10546 2022: Safe management of work in high voltage overhead lines in the Netherlands
CIGRE paper B2-10576 2022: Optimization of vegetation management with LIDAR inspection real application case
CIGRE paper B2-10624 2022: Correlation between tensile forces in conductors and stress loading of tensile towers
CIGRE paper B2-10718 2022: Innovative inspection techniques for digital tools for condition follow-up of overhead lines in Belgium
CIGRE paper B2-10859 2022: Economic analysis of stand-alone and grid connected microgrid by using HOMER
CIGRE paper B2-10915 2022: A wearable system for work at height safety management
CIGRE paper B2-10963 2022: World longest span with ACSR conductor – design challenges.
CIGRE paper B2-10974 2022: Design of overhead lines in a changing climate
CIGRE paper B2-10976 2022: Development of aluminium tower for 420kV AC line to reduce environmental impact and safety risks under construction.
CIGRE paper B2-11004 2022: Availability of data for asset management and automated condition monitoring
CIGRE paper B2-11024 2022: Development of lifting device for raising height of existing towers of overhead lines.
CIGRE paper B2-11145 2022: Correlation of the surface wettability and the audible noise emission of overhead conductors
CIGRE paper B2-118 2020: Limits of vibration amplitude measurement-based conductor fatigue design
CIGRE paper B2-206 2016: X-Ray Technique
CIGRE paper B2-212 2008: Extending the service life of aged overhead line towers.
CIGRE paper B2-212 2018: Estimation of tensile force in conductor by vibration and strain measurement in pillar’s legs of transmission line
CIGRE paper B2-213 2012: Corrosion characteristics based on an investigation of sampled OHTL conductors and a probabilistic lifetime estimation method.
CIGRE paper B2-214 2008: Aeolian vibrations on high voltage lines comparative self-damping as evaluated on the field.
CIGRE paper B2-214 2008: Aeolian vibrations on high voltage lines comparative self damping as evaluated on the field
CIGRE paper B2-224 2020: Case of dynamic line rating (DLR) for overhead transmission in context of tropical countries like India
CIGRE paper B2-302 2014: Creep behaviour of high temperature low sag conductors
CIGRE paper B2-303 2010: Impact of turbulence on vortex induced vibrations and fatigue of conductors: modelling and real span experimentation.
CIGRE paper B2-306 2010: the life extension policy of overhead lines
CIGRE paper B2-306 2014: Creep and fatigue into copper micro alloys for overhead transmission lines
CIGRE paper B2-309 2010: Assessment of OHL availability and residual lifetime by using on destructive instrumental control for conductors, steel wires and guys.
CIGRE paper C2-103 2014: Operational experience with dynamic line rating forecast-based solutions to increase usable network transfer capacity.
CIGRE paper C2-112 2014: Thermo-mechanical dynamic rating of OHTL: applications to Italian lines
CIGRE paper C2-143 2020: Use of dynamic line rating system in system operation and planning
CIGRE paper C3-208 2012: Life Cycle Assessment on a 765kV AC transmission system
CIGRE paper C3-209 2014: Life Cycle Assessment to support environmentally conscious design of power system and apparatuses
CIGRE paper C3-211 2014: Life Cycle Assessment of the high voltage OHL transmission system in Iceland
CIGRE paper ISH 582 2015: Techno-economic analysis of using 477 MCM ACSS/TW conductors in Turkish 154 kV power transmission system
CIGRE Paper Sendai 2023: (summaries on Colloquium page)(ZIP file via hyperlink to e-cigre)
5221510: Aeolian vibration damping of an AACSR conductor with trapezoidal wires used to uprate a river crossing
5305332: Investigating the energy dissipation efficiency of an ACSR-type damper loops
5304603: The impact of wind turbine wake on overhead lines - development of a vibration risk assessment approach using CFD modelling and line characteristics
5305849: Testing OHL conductor’s vibration response under different electrical loadings
5305280: Integration Possibilities of Health Monitoring Function into Dynamic Line Rating System
5302448: Development of landscape simulation tools using 3D software technology
5305246: Joint preferred-route finding: on stakeholder engagement and recommendations for effective route alternative comparison tools
5301077: Experimental Approaches for Minimizing Bird-Induced Damage to Transmission Towers and Overhead Lines
5306308: Comparative field study of benthic colonisation on powered and un-powered subsea cables in a shallow coastal French ecosystem
5305259: Research on reinforcing method of steel tower main posts
5304195: Removal of Damaged Transmission Facilities in the Great East Japan Earthquake
5305195: Process to Clarify Damage Mechanism of Transmission Towers Caused by Natural Disasters
5304962: Failure cases and countermeasures for jumper on heavy-angle towers
5305006: Method of replacing the main leg members at the top of a 500kV steel pipe tower
5305082: Comparison of Conductor Temperatures and wind speeds measured by multiple kinds of sensors for Dynamic Line Rating
5305306: Reducing Low Carbon Generation Curtailment with Dynamic Line Ratings on the England and Wales Transmission System
5304596: Estimation of Rating enhancement and optimised conductor monitoring for Dynamic Line Rating on long transmission circuits by integration of modern meteorological practice
5304040: Verification of Feasibility of Dynamic Line Rating Using Vibration Data of Optical Fiber Composite Overhead Ground Wire (OPGW)
5304602: Wind Adjusted Static Line Ratings for Wind Generator Integration
5304868: Efforts in CRIEPI to elucidate the causal relationship between power-frequency magnetic field and childhood leukemia
5325533: Improving identification of interaction mechanisms of EMF exposure through biomathematical models
5304883: Establishing Reference Models for Calculation of Magnetic Fields near Electric Power Facilities
5326823: Importance of UTIC research from a Standards and Guidelines perspective
5305072: Principles of Combined Wind and Snow Loads in the Japanese Standard of Transmission Tower Design
5304941: Countermeasures against snow accumulation on transmission towers achieving improved costs and reliability
5305264: Modelling and simulation of wind-induced cascading collapse of transmission towers
5311914: Investigation of Snow Accretion Characteristics of a Single Conductor with Loose Counterweight
5315457: Study on Galloping Characteristic of Single Conductor Installed with Counterweights or Loose-Counterweights
5305033: Design of alternative composite core conductors for new overhead lines
5304875: Field Evaluation of High Temperature Low Sag Conductor with Composite Core
5304232: Experience in evaluating HTLS conductor for the future use of uprating of overhead transmission lines towards supporting the ESG initiative in Malaysia
5304361: High-Conductive, Thermal-Resistant Aluminium Alloy Conductor for Overhead Transmission Lines That Contributes to a Decarbonized Society
5315995: Resistance-Temperature Characteristics of the Splice Connectors in the Aluminium Conductors Steel Reinforced in Overhead Transmission Lines
5304676: Introduction of R&D of the quadcopter drone used for inspection of power lines and overhead ground wires
5304385: Autonomous Drone System for Multi- and Single-conductor Overhead Transmission Line Inspection
5302008: Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems for the Inspections of Powerlines
5264977: Hazards of Electrostatic and Electromagnetic Induction in Unilateral Power Cut Operation of Parallel Two Circuit Transmission Line
5305279: Possibilities of Expanding Working Safety during Live-Line and Vicinity Working
5300733: Construction and performance test of precast foundation for transmission line tower
5304931: Performance Evaluation Tests of Zinc- Rich Paints for used on Power Transmission Towers
5301210: Arm Damper Development
5303681: The Investigation of vertically installed inter-phase spacers for the enhancement of clearance in overhead lines
5304619: Investigation of Concurrent Flashover Characteristics of Parallel Gaps in Air for 66/77 and 154 kV Overhead Transmission Lines under Short-tail Lightning Impulse Voltage
5304442: Interaction of Neutral Ground Reactor Sizing with Secondary Arc and Rate of Recovery Voltage during Single Phase Auto Reclosure of 500 kV Main Grid in Thailand Power System
5305222: Efforts in CRIEPI to Evaluate Stimulus Effects in Neuronal Activity on Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Exposure:
5314909: Rural Digital Substation (RDS)
5315498: Investigation on Inverter Duty Transformer Failures at Grid Connected Solar Photovoltaic Plants: Challenges and Recommendations
5306460: Network resilience under extreme weather events and regulatory challenges
5305296: Understanding and mitigating the effects of climate change on overhead transmission lines: recent developments in Italy
5301084: Project Climate Check – Climatological changes, landslide potentials and new applications for system grid operators
5305852: Optimizing Future Overhead Line Networks for Flexible and Resilient Operation
5303928: CRHyME (Climatic Rainfall Hydrogeological Model Experiment): a model for geo-hydrological hazards quantification to electrical infrastructures
5303284: Development of the monitoring system for the base displacement of the transmission steel towers using the inclination sensors
5304456: Novel maintenance measures to combat the effects of steel member theft on overhead power lines in South Africa
5304497: Estimation of the mechanism of under-film corrosion by cross-sectional observation
5297802: Ageing Model for Aluminum Conductors Steel Reinforced Using a Non-Destructive Corrosion Detector (LineCore)
5302315: Stability Enhancement of Future Japanese Grid using Enhanced STATCOM
5302885: Development of Evaluation Process for Demand-Side Resilience against Power Outage
5304570: Dynamic thermal performance of transformers and lines for wind power grid connection
5304529: Design & Implementation of “Intelligent Alarm” application for Situational Awareness and Systematic Analysis
5304993: Design & Development of Floating Dead end insulator assembly for minimizing the Environmental impact of Transmission lines
5315821: Assessment of CO2 emissions in transmission line construction for a carbon-neutral society
5313561: Use of Remote Sensing Data for Assessing Forest Fire Risk of Overhead Line Route
5305202: Improving the efficiency of transportation work in overhead power transmission facility construction
5305266: New Benchmark for planning of Transmission system to mitigate environmental challenges
5304813: Development of Power Line Abnormality Detection System utilizing AI and image analysis
5304893: Development of automatic diagnostic AI for overhead wire accessories and insulators
5304812: Development of Image Processing Methods for OHTL Conductor Inspection
5315475: Vegetation Management in RoW of Power Transmission lines using Image processing of satellite imagery
5305265: Improving reliability of RTE's asset database from aerial LIDAR measurements
5287958: Evaluation of reliability of OHL through inspection-based maintenance of composite insulators
5303877: Service experience compared with electric field criteria for composite insulators
5304629: Today's Composite Insulator Application Technology
5302827: Prevention effects of single unit flashover with insulator strings in HVDC lines
5321261: Transmission Line utilisation on Thailand – Laos interconnection using monitoring and control system
CIGRE Sendai Japan 2023: Posters:
5304686: Effect of raindrop-attaching on surface of polygonal low wind-load conductor and snow-accretion on it
5304663: Application of Cable Jumper Construction Method for 154kV Transmission Line
5304848: Faults Sector Systems for Overhead/Underground Transmission Lines
5298460: Application of High Corrosion-Resistant Zinc Alloy Coated to Overhead Ground Wires and Overhead Transmission Conductors
5304455: Consideration of Causes of Transmission Line Faults by Surge Waveform Analysis Using Non-Contact Electromagnetic Field Sensors
5304841: Development of Dead-end Grips for ACSR Stringing Work
5303472: Development of Deterioration Diagnosis Method for Concrete Foundation Using Imaging Device of capturing the wall of small-diameter core bored cavity
5305083: Method to estimate the aging of overheated compression joints
5311964: AI Estimation of AC Overhead Power Line Insulation Failure
5305085: Insulation Performance Evaluation of Aging Polymer Insulators for Overhead Transmission Lines
5304443: The First Project of 230 kV HVAC Submarine Cable Development to Samui Island for System Security Enhancement
5304093: Formation Process of Packed Snow Accretion on Insulators of Overhead Transmission Lines - Field Observation at Service Line
CIGRE Paper Dublin, Ireland 2017:(mjl to upload titles and summaries on Colloquium page)
CIGRE Paper Cape Town, South Africa 2015:(mjl to upload titles and summaries on Colloquium page)
CIGRE Paper Auckland, New Zealand 2013:(mjl to upload titles and summaries on Colloquium page)
CIGRE Paper Reykjavick, Iceland 2011:(mjl to upload titles and summaries on Colloquium page)
Australia/ New Zeland (and select other) Standards
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1000 (1998): The International System of units SI and its application
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1033.2 (1998): High voltage fuses for rated voltages exceeding 1000V Part 2 Current limiting powder filled type
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS1057 (1985): Quality Assurance and Quality Control - Glossary of terms
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1125 (2001): Conductors in insulated electric cables and flexible cords (and early 1974 amendments)
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1154.3 (2009): Helical fittings
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1154.2 (1985): Insulator and conductor fittings for overhead power lines part 2: dimensions
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1154.1 (2009): Conductor fittings
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1199.0 (2003): Sampling procedures for inspection attributes part 0: Introduction to the ISO 2859 attribute sampling system
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1199.1 (2003): Sampling procedures for inspection attributes part 1: sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1222 (1,2): SC GZ, SC AC conductors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1279 (1996): Copper refinery shapes
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1376 (1996): Conversion factors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1391 (2012): Methods for tensile testing of metals (including amendments)
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1429.1 (2006): Electrical cables - polymeric insulated for working voltages (3.6 to 36kV)
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1429.2 (2009): Electric cables - polymeric insulated for working voltages (35 to 170kV)
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1514.1 (1980): Glossary of terms used in metrology part 1: general terms and definitions
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1531: Conductors – bare overhead – aluminium and aluminium alloy
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1567 (1997): Copper and copper alloys - wrought rods, bars and sections
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1572 (1985): Copper and copper alloys - seamless tubes for engineering purposes
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1573 (1995): Copper and copper alloys - wire for engineering purposes
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1574 (1996): Copper and copper alloys - wire for electrical purposes
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1604 (1997): Timber - preservative treated - sawn and round
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1605 (1974): Methods for the sampling and analysis of wood preservatives and preservative treated wood
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1660 (1998): Test method for electric cables
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS1660.5.6 (1998): Test methods - fire tests
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1746: Conductors Bare overhead hard drawn copper
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1802 (2003) - maximum temperatures (page 8)
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 1852 461 (1988): Electrical terms
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2053.2 (2001): Conduits and fittings for electrical installations part 2: rigid plain conduits and fittings of insulated material
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2053.3 (1995): Conduits and fittings for electrical installations part 3: rigid plain conduits and fittings of fibre reinforced concrete material
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2505.5 (2002): Wire simple torsion test
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2706 (1984): Numerical values rounding and interpretation of limiting values
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2737 (1984): Copper drawing stock
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2738: Copper and Copper Alloys
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2841 (2005): Galvanized steel strand
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2848: Aluminium and aluminium alloys – compositions and designations – part 1 wrought products
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2857: Timber drums for insulated electric cables and bare conductors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2900.5 (2002): Quantities and units part 5 electricity and magnetism
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2947.1 (1999): Insulators test methods
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2947.2 (2002): Insulators characteristics
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2947.3 (1995): Insulators couplings over 1kV
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 2947.4 (1999): Insulator sets: test methods
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3013 (2005): Electrical installations - classification of the fire and mechanical performance of wiring system elements
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3560.1 (2000): Electric cables - cross linked - aerial bundled part 1: aluminium conductors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3560.2 (2003): electric cables - cross linked - aerial bundled part 1: copper conductors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3599.1 (2003): Electric cables - aerial bundled - polymeric insulated part 1: metallic screened
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3599.2 (1999): Electric cables - aerial bundled - polymeric insulated part2: non metallic screened
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3607: ACSR conductors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3608 (2005): Insulators below 1kV
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3609 (2005): Insulators above 1kV
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3675 (2002): Conductors - covered overhead - for working voltages
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3766 (1990): LVABC fittings
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3808 (2000): Insulating and sheathing materials for electric cables (including amendments 1 and 2)
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3822: Test methods for bare conductors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3863 (2002): Galvanized mild steel wire for armouring of cables
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3865 (1991): Calculation of the effect of short circuit currents
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3891.1 (2008): Marking and warning of structures
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3891.2 (2008): Marking and warning of conductors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3983 (1991): Metal drums for insulated cables and bare conductors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 3940 (1990): Quality control guide to the use of control chart methods including Cusum techniques
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4122 (2010): General conditions of contract for consultants
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS4325 IEC 61238.1: Compression and mechanical connectors for power cables for rated voltages up to 36kV Part 1: test methods and requirements
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4396 (1999): LVABC piercing connectors
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4398.1 (1996): Insulators over 1kV
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4398.2 (2005): Insulators tests
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4435.1 (1996) Insulators
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4435.2 (1999): Insulators composite over 1kV
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4435.4 (2005): Insulators
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4436 (1996): Guide for the selection of insulators in respect of polluted conditions
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4899 (2007): Pin insulators
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 4961 (2003): Electric cables - polymeric insulated - for distribution and service applications
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 5000.1 (2005): Polymeric insulated cables up to 1.2kV
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 5000.2 (2006): Markings on cables (pages 10-13)
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS 7000: Overhead line design detailed procedures.
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 14001 (2016): Environmental management systems - requirements with guidance for use
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 60120 (1010): Ball and socket couplings
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 60305 (2007): Insulators - characteristics
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 60372 (2010): Ball and socket dimensions
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 60471 (2010): Clevis and tongue dimensions
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 62217 (2007): Polymeric insulators
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 60433 (2007): Long rod ceramic insulators characteristics
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 60437 (2005) Radio interference tests on high voltage insulators
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 60720 (2007): Line post insulators
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/IEC 62073 (2005): Measurement of wettability of insulator surfaces
Australian/ New Zealand Standard: AS/NZS/ IEC 62155 (2005): Hollow pressurised and unpressurised ceramic or glass insulators
Aluminum Association USA: Aluminum Standards and data (and code words for conductors)
ASTM A 90 2021: Weight of zinc coating
ASTM B 115 1995: Standard specification for electrolytic cathode copper
ASTM B 172 1990: Rope lay stranded copper conductors having bunch stranded members for electrical conductors
ASTM B 193 1992: Standard test method for resistivity of electrical conductor materials
ASTM B 211 2003: Al and AL alloy bar rod and wire (metric)
ASTM B 224 1987: Standard classification of coppers
ASTM B 230 2004: Aluminum 1350 H19 wire for electrical purposes
ASTM B 231 1990: Concentric lay stranded aluminum 1350 conductors
ASTM B 232 2001: Concentric lay stranded aluminum conductors coated steel reinforced
ASTM B 233 2003: Standard specification for aluminum 1350 drawing stock for electrical purpose
ASTM B258 1991: Standard nominal diameters and cross sectional areas of AWG sizes of solid round wires aused as electrical conductors
ASTM B 3 1990: Soft or annealed copper wire
ASTM B 33 2004: Tinned and annealed copper wire
ASTM B 398 2002: Aluminum alloy 6201 T81 wire for electrical purposes
ASTM B 399 2004: Concentric lay stranded aluminum 6201 T81 1350 conductors
ASTM B 400 1992: Compact round concentric lay stranded aluminum 1350 conductors
ASTM B 49 1992: Standard specification for copper drawing stock for electrical purposes
ASTM B 496 1990: Compact round concentric lay stranded copper conductors
ASTM B 498 2002: Zinc coated galvanized steel core wire for aluminum conductors, steel reinforced ACSR
ASTM B524 1992: Concentric lay stranded aluminum conductors aluminum alloy reinforced ACAR 1350 6201
ASTM B566 2004: Standard specification for copper clad aluminum wire
ASTM B 609 1991: Aluminum 1350 round wire annealed and intermediate tempers for electrical purposes
ASTM B678 2001: Solderability of metal coated products
ASTM B 784 1993: Modified concentric lay stranded copper conductors for use in insulated electrical conductors
ASTM B 8: Concentric lay stranded copper conductors hard medium or soft
ASTM B 800 2005: Standard specifications for 8000 series AL alloy wire for electrical purposes annealed and intermediate tempers
ASTM B 803 2016: Misch metal
ASTM B 941 2022: Heat resistant Al-Zr alloy wire for electrical purposes.
ASTM E 328 2002: Standard test methods for stress strain relaxation tests for materials and structures
ATM E 8M 1994: Standard methods of tension testing of metallic materials
IEC: General vocabulary 1965: Vocabulary OHL section (IEC 60050-605: 1983)
IEC 50326: Conductors for overhead lines – characteristics of greases
IEC 60028 1925: International standard of resistance of copper
IEC 60104 1958, 1987: Aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy wire for overhead conductors (Withdrawn: IEC 62219: 2002, IEC 62420: 2008, IEC 62461: 2022)
IEC 60105 1958: Recommendation for commercial purity aluminium busbar material
IEC 60114 1959: Recommendation for heat treated aluminium alloy busbar material of the aluminium-magnesium-silicon type (plus Corrigendum (correction) 1959)
IEC 60121 1961: Recommendation for commercial annealed aluminium electrical conductor wire
IEC 60468 1974: Method of measurement of resistivity of metallic materials
IEC 60888 1987: Zinc coated steel wires for stranded conductors
IEC 60889 1987: Hard drawn aluminium wire for overhead line conductors
IEC 61089 1991: Round wire concentric lay overhead electrical stranded conductors
IEC 61089-am1 1997: Amendment 1 - Round wire concentric lay overhead electrical stranded conductors
IEC 61232 1993: Aluminium clad steel wires for electrical purposes (Replaced by IEC 63248: 2022)
IEC 61394 2011: Overhead lines - requirements for greases for aluminium, aluminium alloy and steel bare conductors
IEC 61394 2012: Corrigendum 1 - Overhead lines - requirements for greases for aluminium, aluminium alloy and steel bare conductors
IEC 61395 1998: Overhead electrical conductors - Creep test procedures for stranded conductors
IEC 62004 2007: Thermal resistant aluminium alloy wire for overhead line conductor (Partially replaced by IEC 62641: 2022)
IEC 62219 2002: Overhead electrical conductors - Formed wire, concentric lay, stranded conductors
IEC 62420 2008: Concentric lay stranded overhead electrical conductors containing one or more gap(s)
IEC 61597 1995, 2021 Calculation methods for overhead conductors
IEC 62567: Methods for testing self-damping characteristics of stranded conductors for overhead line s
IEC 62568: 2015 Method for fatigue testing of conductors for overhead lines
IEC 62461: 2022 Conductors for overhead lines - Aluminium and aluminium alloy wires for concentric lay stranded conductors
IEC 62774: Conductors for overhead lines - Coated metallic wire for concentric lay stranded conductors
IEC 62818: Conductors for overhead lines - Non-metallic supporting member material for use in conductors
IEC 63248: 2002 Conductors for overhead lines - coated or cladded metallic wire for concentric lay stranded conductors
IEC TC7: Strategic plan (Technical committee: Overhead Lines) Web link to current working groups, meetings and publications
IEEE Paper circa 1980: Practical approaches to overhead line installation
IEEE Standard 524 (1980): Guide to the installation of overhead transmission line conductors
IEEE Standard 524 (2016): IEEE Guide for the installation of overhead transmission line conductors
Code words for overhead aluminium electrical conductors: Aluminum Association (not AAAC 1120)
Utility Annual Reports & General Information
AusNet, Vic Annual Report 2021
Copperstring Project - Overview
ElectraNet, SA Annual planning report 2023
ESKOM South Africa 2023 Public forum, 2023 development plan, 2023 to 2032
Power and Water NT (Regulatory Proposal)(Capital expenditure 2023)
Powerlink, Qld Annual Report 2021/22
SAPN, SA Asset management plan 2014 to 2025
TasNetworks, Tas Annual Report 2022-2023 Bushfire Risk Mitigation Plan 2018
TransGrid, NSW Transmission Annual Planning Report (TAPR) 2023, Sustainability Report 2022 , Energy Vision 2023
TransPower, NZ Annual Report Full Year 2023
Western Power, WA Annual Planning 2020 2021
Grey Headed Flying Foxes - Video, Data
Bat Guards - Guardian Australia article, SA Power Networks LinkedIn video
Bat Outages: SA Power Networks, media release 1, 2, 3
CitiPower Bat diverters: Radio link
PLP Dron installation of bird diverters: Video
Metallic Balloon Outages - California
Bushfires - Illawarra 2023: ABC News
Bushfires - Tara 2023: ABC News
Bushfires - Hawaii 2023: ABC News
Temperature anomaly
CO2 graph CSIRO Cape Grim
SF6 data - Hawaii
Energy Queensland Report - includes SF6 emissions
Australia Country Profile Greenhouse Gas
IEC Report - AL industry and Greenhouse gas
Tailings quantities - including Cu mining: 2023 ABC News
Solar Edge Greenhouse accounting (home systems)
Historical Au transmission losses
Media Release 2023 - TransGrid cost of conductor
Papers of interest
Patent 1924: Stobie Pole
Paper 1929: Rural supplies
Paper 1932: Cable spans
Paper 1933 Notes on wood poles
Paper 1935: Electrical development in New Zealand
Paper 1935: Rural electrification of the Upper Hunter Valley Live line work
Paper 1936: Proposals for electrical development in NSW
Paper 1936: The Sugralaof Rubicon Hydro Electric Scheme SECV
Paper 1937: Long line/ span design
Classic Paper 1943: Ampere load limits for copper in overhead lines: Kidder
Classic Paper 1946: Steel tower economics: Ryle
Paper 1948: Electrical connectors and conductors
Paper 1950: Survey of rural transmission lines using semi-skilled labour
Paper 1956: Overhead Line Construction Code of Practice CB1-1954
Classic Paper 1958: Current carrying capacity of ACSR: House & Tuttle
Paper 1959: Deterioration of hard drawn stranded copper conductors
Paper 1963: Load capability of bare ACSR and all aluminium conductors based on long time outdoor temperature rise tests: Gorub
Paper 1969: Nomo graphic computation of the ampacity rating of aerial conductors: Davis
Paper 1970: Air pollutants: a short account of their distribution, measurement, effects and control: Tagg
Paper 1971: Creep equations of conductors for sag-tension calculations: Harvey and Larson
Paper 1985: Improved overhead line conductors using aluminium alloy 1120: Barber and Callaghan
Paper 1986: Overhead conductors in Australia: 1986
Paper 1988: Research on vibration of overhead ground wires: Rawlins
Paper 1988: Critical span analysis of overhead conductors: Jerrell
Paper 1988: A new probabilistic approach to thermal rating overhead line conductors, evaluation in the Netherlands: Weil
Paper 1989: Conductor temperature dependency on wind direction and weather dynamics in Virginia: Jones
Paper 1990: Corrosion of steel, aluminium and copper in electrical applications: Mak
Paper 1990: Determination of thermal line ratings from a probabilistic approach: Monseu
Paper 1990: Design, installation and field experience with an overhead transmission dynamic line rating system: Englehardt
Paper 1992: Evaluation of an overhead line forecasting algorithm: Foss
Paper 1993: Summer thermal capabilities of transmission lines in Northern California based on a comprehensive study of wind conditions: Seppa
Paper 1994: Effect of thermal stratification on wind turbulence: Rawlins
Paper 1996: A dictionary on electricity (Australia)
Paper 1998: Probabilistic transmission line book ratings employed by National Grid UK: Tunstall
Paper 1999: Predictive thermal ratings for National Grid Company overhead lines: Tunstall
Classic Paper 1999: Comparision between IEEE and CIGRE ampacity standards: Schmidt
Paper 2000: Fire ignition by contact between green vegetation and high voltage conductors (Stokes)
Paper 2000: Description of state of the art methods to determine thermal rating of lines in real time and their application in optimising power flow: Ste[hen
Paper 2009: Line ratings in Australia
Paper 2009: Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission final report
Paper 2011: Corrosion on copper conductors 70 to 90 years old (Nexans/ TasNetworks)
Paper 2012: Flame temperature and residence time of fires in dry eucalypt forest: Wotton, Gould and Taylor
Paper 2013: Corrosion on OHL conductors from New Zealand (Nexans/ TransPower NZ)
Paper 2013: Corrosion on Olive conductors from Australia (Nexans/ TransGrid)
Paper 2013: Creep equations and elevated temperature data for 1120 AAAC conductors: Lee and Rouillard
Paper 2015: Vegetation conduction ignition test report (Marxsen)
Paper 2015: Comparison between IEEE and CIGRE thermal behaviour standards and measured temperature on a 132kV overhead power line: Arroyo
Paper 2017: Market ready covered conductor research and development project (Groundline/ Amokabel)
Paper 2019: Collision with terrain involving Airbus Helicopters AS350B3e VH-SZS (Carrapateena stringing)
Paper 2020: A practical health index for overhead conductors: experience from Australian distribution networks (Ma, Saha, Lee and Goshal)
Paper 2022: Energy Connect towers
Paper 2022: Overhead Line Galvanized steel wire conductor serviceability and predicted life to replacement: Brennan
Paper 2022: Rooftop solar management in SA during interconnector outage
Paper 2022: stormy Saturday for SA
Paper: Fawcett: Dust storms 1983 and Black Saturday 2009 Bushfire: Weather
Paper: Jacobs: Bushfire risk reduction recommendations
Paper: Testing of spiral vibration dampers: Roughan
News item: Bulldozed Aboriginal site – lack of apology
ONCOR: Dynamic Line Rating 2014 Magazine Article
Textbook: CIGRE Green book: Overhead Lines
Textbook: Eskom: Planning, design and construction of overhead power lines
Textbook: Eskom: The fundamentals and practice of overhead line maintenance
Textbook: Overhead power lines: Kiessling etal
Textbook: Southwire: Overhead conductor manual
Textbook: US Aluminum Association: Aluminum electrical conductor handbook
Textbook: Wareing: Wood pole overhead lines
Textbook: Engineering transmission lines with high capacity low sag ACCC conductors: CTC Global First Edition (2011)
Textbook: The Lineman's and Cableman's Field Manual - Second edition: Shoemaker & Mack
Textbook: Overhead conductor design: BICC (1967)
Textbook: Aluminium for overhead distribution lines: Aluminium Union Limited (1958)
Textbook: Aluminum Electrical Conductor Handbook: The Aluminum Association (1982)
Textbook: Power cables and their application - Siemens: Heinhold (1970)
Textbook: Non Ferrous Wire Handbook (Parts 1, 2 and 3): The Wire Association International (1977)
Textbook: Theory of wire rope: Costello (1990)
Textbook: The e wizard: your wire die handbook: Estevers ed 2: 2008)
Textbook: We do it straight- Wire straightening: Eckerhard
Textbook: Fundamentals of creep in metals and alloys: Kassner
Textbook: Medium voltage cable accessories: Goulsbra
Textbook: Wire technology - Process Engineering and Metallurgy: Wright (2011)
Textbook: Metal forming - Mechanics and Metallurgy, Edition 3: Hosford & Caddell (2007)
Textbook: Light alloys: Polmear (2006)
Textbook: Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy: ASM (1983)
Textbook: Metals Handbook (1939 edition): ASM (1939)
Textbook: Metals Handbook - 9th edition: Volume 2: Properties and selection: Nonferrous alloys and pure metals: ASM (1979)
Textbook: Aluminum standards and data: 2003 metric SI: The Aluminum Association (1983)
Textbook: The Encyclopedia of Wire: Wire Industry UK 1956?
Textbook: Glossary of Terms used in Electrical Engineering: British Standards 205: 1943
Data Sheet: Aluminum Alloy 6201: Southwire Company (circa 1980)
Textbook: Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 55th ed: CRC Handbook 1975
Textbook: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook 7th ed: Perry and Green 1997
Textbook: Statistical Quality Control Handbook: Western Electric 1956
Textbook: Quality Control Handbook: 3rd ed: Juran 1951
Textbook: Six Sigma for Managers: Brue 2002
Textbook: Statistical Methods in Research and Production: Davies 1961
Textbook: Statistics for Managers using Microsoft Excel 2nd ed: Levine et al 1997
Textbook: Probability and Statistics for Engineering and the Sciences: Devore 1982
Textbook: Spreadsheet Modeling and Decision Analysis 3rd ed: Ragsdale 2001
Textbook: Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World: Satzinger et al 2002
Textbook: How to measure anything: Hubbard 2010
Textbook: Production Handbook: Carsonet al 1972
Textbook: Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers 12th ed: Fink and BEaty 1987
Textbook: Materials Science and Engineering and Introduction 5th ed: Callister 2000
Textbook: Materials and Processes in Manufacturing 9th ed: Degarmo, Black and Kosher 2003
Textbook: Mechanical Metallurgy 2nd ed: Dieter 1976
Textbook: Corrosion Engineering 2nd ed: Fontana and Greene 1984
Textbook: Corrosion testing procedures: Champion 1952
Textbook: Principles of Extractive Metallurgy 2nd ed: Rosenqvist 1983
Textbook: Fundamentals of Aluminium Metallurgy - Production, processing and Applications: Lumley 2011
Textbook: Aluminum Casting Technology 2nd ed: ASM/ AFS (Jorstad and Rasmussen) 1993
Textbook: Metallurgy of the Non-Ferrous Metals: Dennis 1954
Textbook: Metallurgy of Copper: Newton and Wilson 1942
Textbook: The Behaviour of Engineering Metals: Gillet 1951
Textbook: Metallurgy of Aluminium Alloys: Van Lancker 1967
Textbook: Copper - The Science and Technology of the Metal, its Alloys and Compounds: Butts 1954
Textbook: Elevated-Temperature Properties of Coppers and Copper Base Alloys: ASTM Special Technical Publication No 181: 1956
Textbook: Low temperature mechanical properties of Copper and selected Copper alloys: A compilation from literature. NBS Monograph 101: US Department of Commerce: Reed and Mikesell 1967
Textbook: Copper and Copper Base Alloys - The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Copper and its Commercial Alloys in Wrought Form: Wilkins and Bunn 1943
Textbook: Silver bearing Copper: Finlay 1968
Textbook: Chemistry of Tin: Harrison 1989
Textbook: Organic Chemistry - A short course: 6th ed: Hart 1983
Textbook: Modern Inorganic Chemistry 4th ed: Liptrot 1983
Quarterly Essay: The wires that bind - Electrification and community renewal: Griffith 2023
Textbook: Formulas, facts and constants: 2nd ed: Fishbeck and Fishbeck 1987
Textbook: Controlled Atmospheres for the Heat Treatment of MEtals: Jenkins 1951
Textbook: Electroplating Engineering Handbook: Graham 1955
Weed Guide: CitiPower and Powercor Australia (2011)
Weeds Australia: Centre for invasive Species Solutions - Identify that weed...
Trees of Victoria and adjoining areas: Edition 6 (2014): Costermans
Thesis: Brennan: Methodology for assessment of serviceability of aged transmission line conductors (University of Wollongong: copyright for personal use one copy)(Referenced in AS/NZS 7000)
Thesis: Drury: The effect of prestressing on the inelastic creep behaviour of Australian made bare overhead conductors (University of Wollongong: copyright for personal use one copy)(Referenced in AS/NZS 7000)
Thesis: Effeney: Options and evaluation for the refurbishment of vibration damaged SWER lines in Capricornia Electricity (Central Queensland University)
Textbook: Weather Analysis and Forecasting: Petterssen: 1940
Textbook: World Climates - with tables of climatic data and practical suggestions: Rudolf 1981
Textbook: Climate Averages Australia: Bureau of Meteorology 1988
Textbook: Pacific Century - The Emergence of Modern Pacific Asia: Borthwick 1992
Textbook: Kiss, Bow or Shake Hands 2nd ed: Morrison and Conway: 2006
Royal Commission - Bushfires 2009
CSIRO: Bushfires in Australia: Understanding "Hell on Earth" 2015
ABC Four Corners 2013: Fire in the wire
Supplier Catalogues & General Information
AEMO Draft Marginal Loss Factors: Jan 2024
AEMO Integrated System Plan Draft 2024 (Dec 2023)
AEMO 2023 Transmission Expansion Options Report
Australian Energy Networks: overview
Fittings catalogues: PLP, Sicame, Dulmison/ Maclean…
Government site: Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Government site: Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water
Government site: Queensland Government State Development, Infrastructure, Local Government and Planning (CopperString)
Library: newspapers, images some technical papers: CopperString
Library: State Library South Australia: www.slsa.gov.au
Library: State Library Victoria: www.slv.gov.au
Local Conferences: Northern Territory Major Projects Conference; Wind farms, Solar farms…
Media Release 2021: Enhancing Chicago's electric grid resilience (Superconducting cable): Nexans
Media Release 2023: 100 years and standing strong (wooden pole): Essential Energy
Media Release: Guyed Towers - Energy Connect/ TransGrid
Media Release: Downer Partners with ElectraNet to deliver EPLink completion
Media Release: Fringe of the Grid: Energy Queensland
Safety statistics: Key work-related health and safety statistics Australia 2021
Suppliers: Nexans/ Olex, Midal (metric), Southwire (Misch Metal), Lamifil, ZTT, Prysmian (Invar)…3M, CTC, TS Conductor…Sumitomo
Suppliers: Siemens (Fusesaver), PLP, Sicame, Amokabel (CCSX25 Winter, CCSX25 Summer), Dulmison…Ampacimon (sag definition)
Trade Magazine: T&D world
Trade Magazine: Transmission & Distribution
Salinity Mapping (Australia): Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry
Website: Bureau of Meteorology (Australia) www.bom.gov.au : Lightning, Thunder days, Cyclone Tracy report, Cyclone portal, Solar Intensity portal, Solar files Mildura and Melbourne airports, Weather extremes (Australia), MetEye
Website: International Elecrotechnical Commission iec.ch
Website: opennem,org.au (Open data Australia NEM and SWIS)
Website: www.AEMO.com.au (Australian Energy Market Operator)
Website: www.AER.gov.au (Australian Energy Regulator)
Website: www.ASTM.org (ASTM)
Website: www.e-cigre.org (CIGRE)
Website: www.IEEE.org (IEEE)
World GHG emission flow chart